Ref: PA Crapo, OG Kolterman and JM Oiefsky: Effects of oral Levulose in Normal, Diabetic, and Imparied Glucose Tolerance subjects: Diabetes Care, Vol 3, Issue 5 575-582, Copyright by American Diabetes Association.

In Non Insulin Dependent Diabetic individuals, Two weeks of Levulose Feeding Causes reduced Post-prandial Hyperglycemia to an oral glucose challenge after 14 days without any significant difference in Insulin response.

The metabolic effects of 2-wk Levulose feeding as the sweetener was studied in the diet of seven non-insulin-dependent diabetic individuals.

The data demonstrated reduced postprandial hyperglycemia to an oral glucose challenge after 14 days without a significant difference in insulin response. There was no change in the markedly blunted glucose response to a Levulose challenge but significantly lower insulin response (area under the 3-h curve) was observed after 14 days of Levulose feeding. There was reduced postprandial hyperglycemia after 14 days of Levulose feeding with test meals as compared with baseline, without significant differences in insulin response.

Ref: PA Crapo, OG Kolterman and RR Henry: Metabolic consequence of two-week Fructose feeding in Diabetic subject: Diabetes Care, Vol 9, Issue 2 111-119, Copyright by American Diabetes Association.

2. Crystalline Levulose combined with a High Carbohydrate High-fiber Low Fat diet appears to be Safe and Acceptable for diabetic individuals when total calorie intake is controlled - A LONG TERM STUDY.

The long-term safety of Levulose consumption was studied and evaluated in 14 middle-aged men with diabetes. Subjects followed an ambulatory high-fiber high-carbohydrate control diet at home for 8 wk, entered the hospital for 5 days on this diet, and spent the next 7 days on a similar diet supplemented with 50-60 g Levulose. They continued the fructose diet at home for 23 wk, then resumed a postcontrol diet for an additional 16 wk.

In the hospital, glycemic control improved significantly on the Levulose-supplemented diet compared with the hospital control diet,. In the ambulatory setting, no significant differences in plasma glucose, glycohemoglobin, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, lactate, or urate occurred between precontrol, Levulose, or postcontrol period. Fasting serum lactate was higher by 0.5 meq/L during the ambulatory Levulose period than during the precontrol period. Body weight also increased during the ambulatory fructose period due to higher calorie intake. Adherence to Levulose consumption was excellent and improved adherence to carbohydrate and fat recommendations.

Therefore, if the total calorie intake is controlled to promote desirable body weight, crystalline Levulose used with a high-carbohydrate high-fiber low-fat diet appears to be safe and acceptable for diabetic individuals.

Ref: JW Anderson, LJ Story, Nc Zettwoch, NJ Gustafson and Bs Jefferson, Metabolic Research Group, Veterans Administration Medical Center: Metabolic Effects of Levulose Supplementation in Diabetics Individuals: Diabetes Care, Vol 13, Issue 5337-334 Copyright 1989 by American Diabetes Association.

3. Levulose given as a part of a meal results in Lower Glucose Levels in Diabetic and Normal Subjects

Sucorse, sorbital, and Levulose (35 g) were fed to normal and diabetic subjects as a component of a 400- calorie breakfast.

In both normal and diabetic subjects, the mean peak increment in plasma glucose was highest after the sucrose meals (44.0 mg/ dl for normal subjects; 78.0 mg/dl for diabetic subjects): lowest after sorbitol meals (9.3 mg/dl for normal subjects; 48.0 mg/dl for diabetic intermediate after the Levulose meals (29.0 mg/dl for normal subjects; 48.0 mg/dl for diabetic subjects) . In normal subjects, the mean peak increment of plasma immunoreactive Insulin followed a similar pattern, but in diabetic subjects there was no significant difference between the three groups.

Therefore , it is concluded that Levulose or sorbital, given as part of a meal, results in lower glucose levels in both normal and diabetic subjects, but that the latter is not related to a difference in insulin release.

Ref: S Akgun and NH Ertel: A comparison of Carbohydrate Metabolism after Sucrose, Sorbitol, and Levulose meals in Normal and Diabetic subjects: Diabetes Care, Vol 3, Issue 5 582-585, Copyright by American Diabetes Association.